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Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Patients with Bronchiectasis
Chaiyoung Lee1, Ga Young Lee1, Jiyoung Shin2
1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 13, 2025
Summary
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) use in patients with bronchiectasis is linked to a higher lung cancer risk. This risk increases with the cumulative dose of ICS, highlighting a potential concern for long-term treatment.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Prescribing inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for bronchiectasis is debated.
- Limited research exists on ICS and lung cancer risk in bronchiectasis patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between ICS use and lung cancer risk in patients with bronchiectasis.
- To analyze the dose-response relationship between ICS and lung cancer risk.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study using Korean National Health Insurance Service data.
- Propensity score matching (1:5) for age, sex, and recruitment year.
- Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models for risk analysis.
Main Results:
- ICS use was significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (aHR 1.40).
- Lung cancer incidence increased with cumulative ICS dose.
- Higher risk observed in older males, smokers, and those with higher BMI and CCI.
Conclusions:
- ICS use in bronchiectasis patients is linked to elevated lung cancer risk.
- The cumulative dose of ICS influences this increased risk.
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