Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Dentistry
• Orthodontics
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to increased oral health issues, including parafunctional habits and malocclusions.
• These oral health problems may necessitate more orthodontic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare orthodontic disorders and treatment needs in children with ASD versus neurotypical children.
• To identify specific orthodontic concerns and requirements within the ASD population.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 148 children (74 with ASD, 74 controls), aged 3-12 years.
• Data collection through caregiver questionnaires and clinical dental examinations.
• Assessment of malocclusions and orthodontic needs using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) - Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC).

Main Results:

• Children with ASD demonstrated significantly higher orthodontic treatment needs (IOTN-DHC and IOTN-AC scores) compared to controls.
• No significant differences in mean overjet or overbite were found between the groups.
• Boys with ASD exhibited higher IOTN-DHC and IOTN-AC scores, while girls with ASD only showed differences in IOTN-AC.

Conclusions:

• Children with ASD face a heightened risk for orthodontic treatment, addressing both health and aesthetic concerns.
• Boys with ASD present the most pronounced orthodontic disparities.
• Early orthodontic evaluation and customized preventive care are crucial for children with ASD.