Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

4.3K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
4.3K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

3.1K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.1K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

4.8K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.8K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

2.0K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.0K
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

665
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
665
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

13.7K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
13.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Bossio et al. Oleuropein Counteracts Both the Proliferation and Migration of Intra- and Extragonadal Seminoma Cells. <i>Nutrients</i> 2022, <i>14</i>, 2323.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

Endocrine Autoimmunity and Inflammatory Signatures in Pediatric Celiac Disease: Context-Dependent Patterns.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer.

Current opinion in oncology·2025
Same author

Predicting accelerated fetal growth in pregnancy: beyond maternal hyperglycemia - The role of prothymosin-α, inflammatory cytokines, and angiogenic factors.

Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology·2025
Same author

HMGA1 deficiency: a pathogenic link between tau pathology and insulin resistance.

EBioMedicine·2025
Same author

Circulating Thrombospondin-1 and Endothelin-1 Levels Tend to Decline with Increasing Obesity Severity in Women: Evidence from a Pilot, Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Long-Term Health Impacts of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection on Offspring
06:11

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Long-Term Health Impacts of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection on Offspring

Published on: May 17, 2024

1.0K

Gestational Diabetes Risk May Vary Depending on Birth Month.

Eusebio Chiefari1,2, Maria Mirabelli1,2, Livia Cornelia Chiefari3

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Birth timing impacts gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. Babies born in colder months face higher GDM risk, while those born in warmer months have a protective effect.

Keywords:
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theorygestational diabetes mellitusmonth of birthseasonality

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
04:36

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression

Published on: January 12, 2024

1.5K
Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
15:27

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development

Published on: July 13, 2014

15.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Long-Term Health Impacts of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection on Offspring
06:11

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Long-Term Health Impacts of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection on Offspring

Published on: May 17, 2024

1.0K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
04:36

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression

Published on: January 12, 2024

1.5K
Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
15:27

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development

Published on: July 13, 2014

15.1K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health and Endocrinology
  • Environmental Epidemiology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Prenatal environmental exposures are increasingly recognized for their role in influencing long-term disease susceptibility.
  • Previous research indicates a link between season of birth and the risk of conditions like type 2 diabetes.
  • The potential association between birth timing and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the season and month of birth and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
  • To analyze birth timing patterns in relation to GDM incidence within a specific cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study involving 8744 pregnant women screened for GDM between August 2011 and March 2020.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on women born and raised in Calabria, Italy, adhering to Ministry of Health guidelines.
  • Statistical analyses included logistic regression and Cosinor analysis to assess seasonal periodicity and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Birth distribution showed peaks in January and troughs in October.
  • January births were associated with a significantly higher risk of GDM (OR 1.287, p=0.003).
  • October and June births demonstrated a protective effect (OR 0.800, p=0.013 and OR 0.818, p=0.030, respectively).
  • Births during cold months increased GDM risk (OR 1.196, p<0.001), while warm-month births were protective (OR 0.834, p<0.001).
  • Cosinor analysis confirmed significant seasonal periodicity in fasting glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance tests (p=0.0053).

Conclusions:

  • Season and month of birth are significantly associated with gestational diabetes mellitus risk.
  • Births in colder months appear to predispose individuals to GDM, whereas warmer months offer protection.
  • These findings suggest that early-life seasonal influences, possibly involving maternal hyperglycemia, may impact future GDM risk.