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A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
Published on: April 19, 2019
Cardiac Rehabilitation and Cardiovascular Prevention in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: From Initial
Cristina Andreea Adam1, Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz2,3, Buket Akinci4,5
1Department of Medical Specialties I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, University Street No. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Insights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly elevates cardiovascular disease risk. Comprehensive management, including cardiac rehabilitation and personalized exercise, is crucial for high-risk patients to improve prognosis and reduce mortality.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure.
- Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a poorer prognosis due to increased risk of future cardiovascular (CV) events.
- Very high-risk individuals with T2DM require specialized attention for managing adverse events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide updated evidence on the comprehensive management of T2DM patients regarding CV prevention and cardiac rehabilitation.
- To focus on strategies for individuals with T2DM who are at very high risk of CV events.
- To offer practical guidance on tailoring exercise prescriptions for T2DM patients based on individual risk profiles and comorbidities.
Main Methods:
- Review of current evidence on CV risk factors and management in T2DM.
- Analysis of interventions including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and cardiac rehabilitation.
- Guidance on personalized exercise prescription considering patient-specific risk and comorbidities.
Main Results:
- Comprehensive management encompassing risk factor control, lifestyle changes, and optimal medical therapy is essential for T2DM patients.
- Cardiac rehabilitation and tailored exercise programs significantly reduce CV risk and mortality in high-risk T2DM individuals.
- Personalized exercise prescriptions are vital for maximizing benefits and ensuring safety in T2DM management.
Conclusions:
- Effective CV risk reduction in T2DM requires a multifaceted approach, emphasizing personalized strategies.
- Cardiac rehabilitation plays a key role in improving outcomes for T2DM patients, especially those at very high risk.
- Individualized exercise interventions are critical components of comprehensive T2DM care for CV prevention.
Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing coronary artery disease, stroke, aortic disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and peripheral arterial disease. This condition negatively impacts prognosis by increasing the risk of future cardiovascular (CV) events. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus need a comprehensive and personalized assessment and definition of the CV risk profile. In very high-risk individuals, special attention is required due to the high risk of adverse events despite appropriate management and treatment. Key interventions to reduce this risk include CV prevention and cardiac rehabilitation. Traditional and non-traditional CV risk factor management, dietary modifications, regular physical activity, aerobic and resistance exercise training, psychosocial and frailty management, optimal pharmacological therapy, and investigation of comorbidities are recommended to reduce the development of CV disease and mortality. Therefore, our manuscript provides updated and critical evidence on the comprehensive management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in clinical practice from the perspective of CV prevention and cardiac rehabilitation, with a focus on individuals at very high risk. Further, practical guidance on individualizing exercise prescriptions based on patient-specific risk profiles and comorbid conditions is provided.
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