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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

383
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
383
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

229
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
229
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

261
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
261
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

423
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
423
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

397
IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular...
397
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

444
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
444

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
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Upper-extremity Approach for Secondary Access in Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Published on: August 8, 2025

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TAVI for Bicuspid Aortic Valve: Addressing Technical Challenges and Optimizing Outcomes.

Donato Antonio Paglianiti1, Cristina Aurigemma2, Marco Busco1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a feasible option for bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease, but requires careful planning. Challenges include higher rates of complications like paravalvular leak and pacemaker implantation.

Keywords:
aortic stenosisbicuspid aortic valvepre-procedural Imagingtranscatheter aortic valve replacement

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect, affecting 1-2% of the population.
  • BAV predisposes individuals to premature aortic stenosis and thoracic aortopathy.
  • Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is standard, but transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasingly used.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on BAV anatomy and management.
  • To explore the evidence for transcatheter approaches in BAV patients.
  • To highlight challenges and strategies for TAVI in BAV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of observational registries and early trial data.
  • Analysis of device-success rates and complication rates.
  • Emphasis on multimodality imaging and dedicated sizing algorithms.

Main Results:

  • TAVI is technically feasible in selected BAV anatomies with >90% device success.
  • BAV presents unique challenges, including higher rates of paravalvular leak and permanent pacemaker implantation.
  • Annular complications are increased in cases with extensive calcifications or tapered roots.

Conclusions:

  • TAVI is a viable option for BAV, but requires meticulous pre-procedural planning and device-specific strategies.
  • Managing BAV with TAVI necessitates advanced imaging and tailored approaches.
  • Long-term durability data are limited, necessitating further prospective trials.