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The Constructional Approach to Zoo Animal Training: Enhancing Welfare Through Emerging Evidence-Based Behavioral
Barbara Heidenreich1, Annette Pedersen2
1Animal Training Fundamentals, Austin, TX 78745, USA.
Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|November 13, 2025
Summary
The constructional approach to animal training prioritizes building positive behaviors and animal choice, enhancing welfare in zoos. This evidence-based framework offers advantages over traditional methods for improved animal care.
Area of Science:
- Animal Behavior
- Zoo Biology
- Animal Welfare Science
Background:
- Animal welfare is a critical component of contemporary zoo and aquarium practices.
- Traditional animal training often focuses on eliminating undesirable behaviors.
- There is a need for evidence-based frameworks to improve zoo animal welfare.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and examine the constructional approach to animal training.
- To differentiate constructional training from traditional methodologies.
- To provide practical recommendations for zoo professionals.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of peer-reviewed literature and academic works.
- Analysis of documented applications in zoological settings.
- Systematic examination of constructional approach principles.
Main Results:
- The constructional approach emphasizes building desirable behaviors and incorporates choice.
- It offers advantages over hierarchical behavior change models.
- Successful implementation in zoo settings has been documented.
Conclusions:
- The constructional approach enhances zoo animal welfare and respects animal agency.
- It supports zoo goals in conservation, research, and education.
- Adopting constructional programs promotes compassionate and effective animal care.
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