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Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
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Design and Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Inertial Piezoelectric Platform.

Qingbing Chang1,2, Yicheng Xu1, Xian Deng1

  • 1School of Mechatronics Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) piezoelectric platform enables precise leaf stomatal density detection. This technology addresses challenges in large-stroke motion and high-resolution positioning for botanical micro-detection.

Keywords:
cross-scale motionflexure hinge mechanisminertial drivepiezoelectric platform

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Robotics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Leaf stomatal density is crucial for plant gas exchange, water loss, and drought adaptability.
  • Detecting stomatal density requires platforms with both large-stroke motion and high-resolution positioning capabilities.
  • Existing platforms face challenges in balancing macroscopic leaf scanning with microscopic stomatal identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel cross-scale piezoelectric platform for accurate leaf stomatal density detection.
  • To overcome the dual challenge of large strokes and high resolution in stomatal detection systems.
  • To address backlash issues in inertial drive mechanisms for enhanced positioning accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a novel two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) cross-scale piezoelectric platform.
  • Integrated a three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) piezoelectric stator to mitigate backlash.
  • Utilized finite-element simulation for design verification and performance analysis.
  • Developed a prototype and conducted experimental evaluations.

Main Results:

  • The 2-DOF platform achieved a motion range of 15 mm × 15 mm.
  • Displacement backlash rates were measured between 0% and 9.84% (X-axis) and 0% and 28.42% (Y-axis).
  • High displacement resolutions of 11.39 nm (X-axis) and 13.61 nm (Y-axis) were attained.
  • Successfully demonstrated application in leaf stomatal density detection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 2-DOF cross-scale piezoelectric platform effectively meets the demands of stomatal density detection.
  • The platform shows significant potential for botanical micro-detection applications.
  • The novel design successfully integrates large-stroke motion with high-resolution positioning.