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Self-Supported Polyhedral-like Co3S4 Nanostructures Enabling Efficient High Current Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Abu Talha Aqueel Ahmed1, Sangeun Cho1, Abu Saad Ansari2

  • 1Division of System Semiconductor, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Developing earth-abundant electrocatalysts is key for water-splitting. This study engineered a cost-effective cobalt sulfide (Co3S4) catalyst, demonstrating remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and stability for overall water splitting.

Keywords:
Co3S4anion-exchangehydrogen evolution reactionhydrothermal synthesisoverall-water electrolysispolyhedral structure

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Efficient hydrogen production via water splitting requires earth-abundant, cost-effective electrocatalysts.
  • Noble metal catalysts are effective but expensive, limiting widespread application.
  • Developing robust, non-noble alternatives is crucial for advancing water-splitting technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cost-effective and durable non-noble electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
  • To investigate the potential of cobalt sulfide (Co3S4) derived from cobalt oxide (Co3O4) for enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
  • To evaluate the performance of the engineered catalyst in both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and overall water splitting.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polyhedral Co3O4 on Ni foam via a hydrothermal method.
  • Anion-exchange transformation of Co3O4 to conductive Co3S4 using Na2S solution.
  • Electrochemical characterization of HER activity and overall water-splitting performance in 1.0 M KOH.

Main Results:

  • The engineered Co3S4 electrode exhibited excellent HER activity, requiring a low overpotential (<100 mV) at 10 mA cm-2.
  • Co3S4 outperformed its Co3O4 precursor and closely benchmarked with commercial Pt/C catalysts.
  • The bifunctional Co3S4 electrode achieved a cell voltage of >1.76 V at 100 mA cm-2 with over 100 hours of operational stability.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfur substitution in Co3O4 significantly enhances electrical conductivity and catalytic activity for HER.
  • Anion-exchanged Co3S4 is a promising, cost-effective, and durable catalyst for high-performance water splitting.
  • This work demonstrates a viable strategy for designing advanced electrocatalysts using earth-abundant materials.