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Influence of Laser Processing Parameters on Surface Roughness and Color Formation in the Marked Zone.

Lyubomir Lazov¹, Nikolay Angelov², Emil Yankov¹

¹Engineering Center, RTU Rezekne Academy, Atbrivosanas Aleja 115, 4601 Rezekne, Latvia.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 13, 2025

Summary

Laser processing parameters precisely control surface roughness and color on AISI 304 stainless steel. Optimizing parameters like frequency and scanning speed enables desired aesthetic and functional surface properties for industrial applications.

Keywords:

AISI 304 frequency laser color marking raster step roughness speed

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Engineering
Laser Processing

Background:

Laser marking is crucial for aesthetic and functional surface modification.
Understanding parameter influence on surface properties is key for industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate how laser processing parameters affect surface roughness and color formation in AISI 304 stainless steel.
Establish quantitative relationships between parameters and resulting surface characteristics.
Provide a basis for industrial laser color marking applications.

Main Methods:

Systematic variation of laser processing parameters: raster step, scanning speed, frequency, linear energy density, and overlap coefficient.
Analysis of surface roughness (e.g., Ra) and visual color changes in laser-marked zones.
Correlation of nanostructure formation with observed chromatic effects.

Main Results:

Increased raster step and linear energy density generally increased roughness and darkened color.
Higher scanning speed and frequency reduced roughness and brightened color.
Frequency was a critical factor, significantly decreasing roughness and enhancing yellow tones.
A direct relationship was observed between surface nanostructuring and stable interference color formation.

Conclusions:

Laser processing parameters offer precise control over surface roughness and color on stainless steel.
Optimized parameters enable tailored aesthetic and functional surface properties.
Findings support the industrial application of laser color marking for enhanced material properties and differentiation.