Beyond Imaging: Integrating Radiomics, Genomics, and Multi-Omics for Precision Breast Cancer Management

Radiomics has emerged as a promising tool for non-invasive tumour phenotyping in breast cancer, providing valuable insights into tumour heterogeneity, response prediction, and risk stratification. However, traditional radiomic approaches often rely on correlative patterns of image analysis to clinical data and lack direct biological interpretability. Combining information provided by radiomics with genomics or other multi-omics data can be important to personalise diagnostic and therapeutic work up in breast cancer management. This review aims to explore the current progress in integrating radiomics with multi-omics data-genomics and transcriptomics-to establish biologically grounded, multidimensional models for precision management of breast cancer. We will review recent advances in integrative radiomics and radiogenomics, highlight the synergy between imaging and molecular profiling, and discuss emerging machine learning methodologies that facilitate the integration of high-dimensional data. Applications of radiogenomics, including breast cancer subtype and molecular mutation prediction, radiogenomic mapping of the tumour immune microenvironment, and response forecasting to immunotherapy and targeted therapies, as well as lymph nodes involvement, will be evaluated. Challenges in technical limitations including imaging modalities harmonization, interpretability, and advancing machine learning methodologies will be addressed. This review positions integrative radiogenomics as a driving force for next-generation breast cancer care.