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Exploring Dietary Intake in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Using GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
Valentina Ponzo1, Marilena Vitale2, Simona Bo1
1Department of Medical Science, University of Torino, c.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
Nutrients
|November 13, 2025
Summary
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) did not alter diet quality in type 2 diabetes patients. Both GLP-1RA users and others showed poor adherence to dietary guidelines, emphasizing the need for nutritional support.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Nutritional Science
- Clinical Diabetes Management
Background:
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used for type 2 diabetes (T2D) management, offering glycemic and weight benefits.
- Concerns exist regarding potential impacts of GLP-1RAs' appetite-suppressing effects on nutrient intake, with limited real-world data.
- This study addresses the gap by evaluating dietary intake and Mediterranean diet adherence in T2D patients on GLP-1RAs versus other oral hypoglycemic agents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare dietary intake and Mediterranean diet adherence in adults with T2D treated with GLP-1RAs versus other oral hypoglycemic agents.
- To assess the real-world dietary patterns and nutrient adequacy in T2D patients receiving GLP-1RA therapy.
- To identify potential nutritional challenges associated with GLP-1RA use in T2D management.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 103 adults with T2D in Turin, Italy.
- Dietary habits assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS).
- Collected anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle data; compared GLP-1RA users (n=52) with non-users.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in energy intake, macronutrient distribution, or MDS between GLP-1RA users and non-users.
- Overall diets showed low carbohydrate, inadequate fiber (≈11 g/1000 kcal), and high fat intake (~39-40%).
- None of the GLP-1RA users met fiber recommendations; no differences observed based on treatment duration.
Conclusions:
- Type 2 diabetes patients exhibit poor dietary guideline adherence irrespective of pharmacological treatment.
- GLP-1RA therapy did not significantly alter dietary patterns or Mediterranean diet adherence in this cohort.
- Structured nutritional counseling is crucial alongside GLP-1RA therapy to optimize metabolic outcomes and prevent deficiencies.
Keywords:
GLP-1 receptor agonistsMediterranean dietPharmacotherapyType 2 diabetesdiet qualitydietary intakenutritional adequacyMore Related Videos
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