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Brazilian National School Feeding Program: A Review with Content Analysis of Social Documents Using MaxQda® Software
Ygraine Hartmann1, Denise Bomtempo Birche de Carvalho2, Renata Puppin Zandonadi3
1Diretoria de Acessibilidade do Decanato de Assuntos Comunitários, University of Brasília, Campus Universitario Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil.
Nutrients
|November 13, 2025
Summary
Social control is vital for Brazil's National School Feeding Program (PNAE) to ensure the human right to adequate food (HRAF). The School Feeding Council (CAE) plays a key role in monitoring and social control for PNAE success.
Area of Science:
- Public Health Nutrition
- Food Policy Analysis
- Human Rights Law
Background:
- Brazil's Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) policies, including the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), aim to guarantee rights within a complex State-Society-Market relationship.
- The PNAE, implemented by the National Education Development Fund (FNDE), seeks to combat child hunger and promote healthy eating habits through school meals.
- A recent evaluation of PNAE management, financing, and monitoring in the Federal District is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze PNAE documents and legislation until 2024, alongside related FNS policies in Brazil, to understand their scope and rights guarantee.
- To critically assess the applicability of these policies and contribute to the discourse on health promotion and the human right to adequate food (HRAF).
- To identify gaps and strengths in the current framework for school feeding programs.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of Brazilian official documents and legislation concerning FNS and school meals.
- Content analysis using the historical-dialectical materialist method.
- Critical reading, coding of common themes, and analysis supported by MaxQda® software.
Main Results:
- Analysis revealed a strong emphasis on food as a right (6038 occurrences) and a 'rights' approach (2365 occurrences) within FNS policies.
- Public actions for health and food supply were highlighted, with 'public' (381 occurrences) and 'DHAA' (510 occurrences) being significant terms.
- Social control emerged as the most frequent code (105 segments), underscoring the importance of democratic participation in achieving PNAE objectives.
Conclusions:
- Social control is a critical component for the success of the PNAE, as demonstrated by the research findings.
- The School Feeding Council (CAE) is identified as the primary body responsible for monitoring and ensuring the PNAE's objectives are met.
- Effective monitoring and social control by the CAE are essential for timely corrective measures and the overall achievement of the PNAE's goals.
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