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Related Experiment Video

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Red Blood Cell Fatty Acid Patterns and Cognitive Functions in Adolescents: A Pooled Analyses with Two Cohort Study

Nicolas Ayala-Aldana1,2,3, Ariadna Pinar-Martí1,2,4, Marina Ruiz-Rivera1,2

  • 1Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (NeuroÈpia), Institut de Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain.

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|November 13, 2025
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Summary

Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) in red blood cells are linked to better fluid intelligence and decision-making in adolescents. This finding highlights the importance of omega-3 FAs for cognitive function during teenage years.

Keywords:
adolescent healthcognitionfatty acidsprincipal component analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Fatty acids (FAs) are crucial for adolescent brain development and cognitive functions.
  • Red blood cell (RBC) FA patterns may reflect overall FA status and influence neuropsychological outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) patterns and higher-order neuropsychological functions in adolescents.
  • To identify specific FA patterns in RBCs and their correlation with cognitive abilities like working memory, fluid intelligence, and risky decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study design involving two adolescent cohorts in Catalonia, Spain (mean age 14.53 years).
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to 22 RBC FA species to identify major FA patterns (principal components - PCs).
  • Multiple linear regression used to assess associations between FA PCs and cognitive outcomes, adjusting for covariates.

Main Results:

  • Three significant FA PCs were identified: very-long chain FAs, long-chain omega-6 FAs, and omega-3 FAs.
  • The omega-3 FA PC showed a significant positive association with fluid intelligence and risky decision-making (loss domain).
  • No significant associations were found for very-long chain and long-chain omega-6 FA patterns with cognitive outcomes. The omega-3 FA and fluid intelligence link remained significant after multiple testing corrections.

Conclusions:

  • Omega-3 FA patterns in red blood cells are positively associated with fluid intelligence in adolescents.
  • This suggests a beneficial role of omega-3 FAs in supporting cognitive development and function during adolescence.