Mater-Bi-Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Lemongrass: A Comparison Between Leaf- and Culm-Derived Particles

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Polymer Science
• Biocomposites

Background:

• Developing sustainable and biodegradable materials is crucial for reducing environmental impact.
• Natural fibers offer a renewable alternative for reinforcing biodegradable polymers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop novel biocomposites using lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) particles to reinforce Mater-Bi® HF51L2.
• To evaluate the effect of culm and leaf lemongrass particles on the properties of Mater-Bi® HF51L2 biocomposites.

Main Methods:

• Incorporation of lemongrass particles (culm and leaf, <500 µm) at 10 and 20 wt.% into Mater-Bi® HF51L2 via twin-screw extrusion and compression moulding.
• Characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), quasi-static mechanical tests, rheological measurements, and Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA).

Main Results:

• Leaf-derived particles showed better dispersion and lower void content compared to culm-derived particles.
• Biocomposites exhibited increased stiffness, tensile, and flexural moduli, with leaf-based composites showing superior enhancement (up to 3x tensile modulus).
• Rheological and DMTA tests confirmed improved matrix-filler interaction, restricted polymer chain mobility, and increased glass transition temperature (Tg).

Conclusions:

• Lemongrass particles, particularly from the leaf, effectively reinforce Mater-Bi® HF51L2, enhancing its mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties.
• The developed biocomposites offer competitive properties while maintaining biodegradability.
• Leaf-derived lemongrass particles demonstrate superior reinforcing potential for creating high-performance biocomposites.