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Optical-Structural Optimization for Condensation Suppression in Automotive Camera Modules.

Kouwen Zhang^1,2, Yike Xu², Shenwei Xu²

¹State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|November 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Condensation in automotive camera modules degrades image quality. A new optical-structural design reduces internal volume and increases lens thickness, significantly improving resistance to condensation and enhancing vehicle safety.

Keywords:

automotive cameras camera modules condensation mitigation optical structural optimization

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Area of Science:

Automotive engineering
Optical systems
Thermodynamics

Background:

Cameras are essential sensors in intelligent vehicles.
Condensation inside camera modules compromises imaging quality and reliability.
Addressing condensation is critical for automotive environmental perception.

Purpose of the Study:

To clarify condensation mechanisms in automotive camera modules.
To evaluate the impact of condensation on optical imaging performance.
To propose an effective strategy for mitigating condensation.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive thermodynamics-based simulations were conducted.
Optical-structural optimization strategy was developed.
Experimental validation of the optimized module was performed.

Main Results:

The proposed strategy reduced internal cavity volume and increased lens thickness.
Optimized module showed improved resistance to condensation, raising the threshold from 42°C to over 60°C.
Effective mitigation of condensation under harsh conditions without additional cost.

Conclusions:

The integrated optical-structural optimization effectively reduces condensation.
This cost-effective design enhances automotive camera module reliability.
The approach improves overall safety for autonomous driving.