WAWA: Wavelet Analysis-Based Watermarking Authentication for GNSS Civil Signal with Immediate Symbol-Level...

Area of Science:

• Signal Processing
• Cryptography
• Navigation Systems

Background:

• Existing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) authentication methods face challenges with high verification latency and memory demands.
• Time-sensitive applications are vulnerable to spoofing due to limitations in transmitting cryptographic credentials over bandwidth-constrained GNSS signals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce a novel physical-layer authentication scheme for GNSS signals that addresses current limitations.
• To enable immediate, symbol-level authentication without synchronization or large memory buffers.

Main Methods:

• Developed WAWA (Wavelet Analysis-based Watermarking Authentication) operating at the GNSS physical layer.
• Utilized the wavelet domain for high-capacity data embedding of public-key digital signatures.
• Designed a dual-path verification framework for standalone and network-assisted receivers.

Main Results:

• WAWA achieves immediate, symbol-level authentication, eliminating verification delay.
• The scheme offers superior effective bandwidth and low memory overhead, suitable for resource-constrained devices.
• Introduced a controllable signal correlation loss, balanced against security and efficiency.

Conclusions:

• WAWA provides an exceptional balance of security, immediacy, and resource efficiency for GNSS authentication.
• Offers a promising solution for trustworthy Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) sensor data in critical applications.
• Enables robust authentication for large-scale sensor networks and autonomous systems.