Engineered mesenchymal stem cells: A novel approach for Th2-targeted modulation in allergic asthma

Asthma is a widespread allergic condition that has impacted around 300 million people globally. There are various classifications of asthma, one of which is based on T-helper2 (Th2) cells, and in this review, we have focused on Th2 high type and how it is caused. In the following sections, we have explored various treatment approaches for asthma, with a particular emphasis on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a more effective alternative to conventional treatments. MSCs contribute to asthma management through multiple mechanisms, including the secretion of secretomes, soluble factors, and even interactions with other cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. However, as explained later in this review, there are challenges associated with MSCs. In response to these limitations, the development of engineered MSCs offers a novel approach. These engineered MSCs are tailored to improve therapeutic efficacy by boosting their homing efficiency, survival rates, and capacity to modulate immune responses. Engineered MSCs are designed with a variety of genes, each enabling distinct mechanisms that contribute to the effective control of asthma. By specifically targeting Th2 cells, these genetically modified MSCs can modulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, and improve airway function, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for management of asthma.