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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

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The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

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Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

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Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Tuning Interphase Composition in Sodium-Ion Batteries via Co-Solvent Selection and Anion-Driven Solvation Shell

Harshita Lohani1, Amreen Bano2,3,4, Arpita Ghosh5,6

  • 1Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.

Small Methods
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances sodium-ion full cell performance by using specific linear carbonates. This creates stable interphases, improving cycling stability and high-rate capacity for better battery longevity.

Keywords:
electrolyte engineering with co‐solventenhanced anion participationhigh voltage cathodemanipulation of Primary solvation shellsodium‐ion battery full‐cell

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Rapid in-silico Battery Electrolyte Electrochemical Reaction Generation using 3T-VASP Multi-Scale Energy Minimization

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Unstable interphases on anodes and cathodes limit sodium-ion full cell cycling performance.
  • Developing stable and efficient sodium-ion batteries is crucial for next-generation energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of low-viscosity, weakly solvating linear carbonates (dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate) on sodium-ion full cell interphase formation.
  • To enhance the cycling stability and rate performance of sodium-ion full cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) as electrolyte components.
  • Analyzing interphase formation on hard carbon (HC) anodes and NMTNO cathodes.
  • Evaluating full-cell performance through cycling stability and rate capability tests.

Main Results:

  • The electrolyte promoted anion involvement in the solvation shell, forming an anion-rich, ion-conducting interphase on the HC anode.
  • An inorganic-rich cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formed on the NMTNO cathode.
  • The full-cell achieved a stable areal capacity of 1.25 mAh cm⁻² at 0.25 mA cm⁻² after 200 cycles.
  • Impressive high-rate performance was observed, maintaining 0.75 mAh cm⁻² at 1.5 mA cm⁻² with >90% capacity retention after 300 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Low-viscosity linear carbonates effectively stabilize anode and cathode interphases in sodium-ion full cells.
  • The modified electrolyte significantly improves initial coulombic efficiency, rate performance, and long-term cycling stability.
  • This electrolyte strategy offers a promising pathway for developing high-performance sodium-ion batteries.