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Epstein-Barr virus in thyroid disease: an integrated immunovirological perspective
Zhengda Wang1,2, Xiwen Chang3, Xianbin Cheng4
1The Orthopaedic Medical Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Frontiers in Immunology
|November 13, 2025
Summary
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) links to various thyroid diseases, from autoimmunity like Graves
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Virology
- Immunology and Oncology
Background:
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, establishes lifelong latency.
- Growing evidence suggests EBV's pathogenic role in diverse thyroid conditions.
- Current research often examines EBV in isolation, lacking a unified framework.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize evidence connecting EBV to thyroid diseases.
- To establish a framework linking EBV infection, immune dysregulation, and thyroid cancer.
- To explore EBV-targeted therapies for thyroid disease management.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of studies on EBV and thyroid diseases.
- Synthesis of evidence linking viral infection, autoimmunity, and tumorigenesis.
- Analysis of potential therapeutic strategies targeting EBV in thyroid conditions.
Main Results:
- EBV is associated with Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer.
- A framework is presented connecting EBV, immune dysregulation, and neoplastic transformation.
- EBV acts as a bridge between thyroid autoimmunity and tumorigenesis.
Conclusions:
- EBV plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various thyroid diseases.
- Understanding EBV's mechanisms can improve diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment.
- This review provides a foundation for future research and clinical interventions targeting EBV in thyroid disorders.
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