Diaphragmatic Eventration Caused by SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus Infection: Two Case Reports

Diaphragmatic eventration (DE) denotes abnormal elevation of the diaphragm due to paralysis, hypoplasia, or atrophy and is classed as either congenital or acquired. In this report, one case involved a patient with congenital localized DE who developed persistent symptoms such as cough, sputum production, chest tightness, and shortness of breath after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Imaging studies ultimately revealed progression to complete DE. The patient underwent surgical intervention and recovered well postoperatively. The other case involved a patient who developed chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough, and sputum production after infection with Influenza A virus. Chest CT imaging confirmed localized DE. Although antiviral treatment alleviated the symptoms, the diaphragmatic elevation remained. This study demonstrates that both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus infections can potentially damage the phrenic nerve, leading to subsequent diaphragmatic dysfunction. Early recognition and intervention can effectively prevent progression of DE and ensure prompt, effective treatment.