Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
10:35

Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: September 25, 2013

37.0K

Hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma mortality: a focus on the US-Mexico border region

Merry Mathew1, Michelle Nguyen1, Ketan Jolly1

  • 1School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.

Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center)
|November 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality linked to hepatitis C virus (HCV) is higher in the US-Mexico border region. This disparity is most pronounced among Black and American Indian/Alaska Native populations.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Hepatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality rates are notably high in the US-Mexico border region.
  • Significant disparities exist in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC mortality between border and nonborder areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare HCV-related HCC mortality rates between the US-Mexico border region and nonborder regions.
  • To identify ethnic and geographic disparities in HCV-related HCC mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the CDC WONDER Multiple Cause of Death database (2000-2020).
  • Analyzed deaths coded for chronic HCV (ICD-10 B18.2) and HCC (ICD-10 C22.0).
  • Calculated and compared age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) between border and nonborder regions, with significance determined by nonoverlapping 95% confidence intervals.

Main Results:

  • The border region exhibited a 1.6-fold higher ASMR for HCV-related HCC compared to nonborder regions (0.8 vs. 0.5 per 100,000).
  • All ethnic groups in the border region showed higher ASMRs than their nonborder counterparts.
  • Within the border region, Black individuals faced the highest risk (RR=2.0), followed by American Indian (RR=1.9) and White (RR=2.0) populations compared to their nonborder counterparts. Hispanic individuals also showed increased risk (RR=1.3).

Conclusions:

  • HCV-related HCC mortality is significantly elevated in the US-Mexico border region.
  • Ethnic disparities in mortality are pronounced, with Black and American Indian/Alaska Native populations experiencing disproportionately higher rates within the border region.
Abstract

Keywords:
Health disparitieshepatitis Chepatocellular carcinomamortality

More Related Videos

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.4K
A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma12:24

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

5.9K

Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
5.2K
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
102
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
86
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
25
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
42