Fabrication and application of microneedle systems for adipose tissue reduction

Driven by changes in modern lifestyles and growing health awareness, obesity has become a significant global public health concern. It not only impacts physical appearance and psychological well-being but also constitutes a significant risk factor for chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and hypertension. Microneedle-based delivery of anti-obesity drugs, a novel and non-invasive technology, has attracted considerable attention in recent years. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of microneedle types, materials, fabrication techniques, recent advancements in their application to anti-obesity drug delivery, underlying mechanisms of action, and therapeutic outcomes. The challenges and future directions of microneedle-based weight loss strategies are also discussed. As an innovative approach to obesity management, microneedle therapy holds promising prospects for application and market potential, offering a safer, more effective, and convenient solution for individuals with obesity.