Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

False Memories01:18

False Memories

384
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
384
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

439
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
439
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

1.9K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
1.9K
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

423
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
423
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.2K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.2K
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

996
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
996

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Conveying (discrete) emotionality with novel words.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same author

Nutritional Interventions Targeting the Gut Microbiome in MASLD: From Prebiotics and Probiotics to Postbiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

Nutrients·2026
Same author

LLMs displaying less cognitive bias are not necessarily better decision makers.

Nature machine intelligence·2026
Same author

A meta-analysis on age-related differences in mentalizing: The role of task characteristics.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same author

Micro- and Nanoplastics as Disruptors of Digestive and Hepatopancreatic Homeostasis: Insights into the Plastic-Gut-Liver Axis.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Zero-shot pseudowords memorability via representational content analysis.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same journal

Executive function and social behavior: Causal evidence from loading working memory and inhibitory control.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Your research is public engagement: A case for more intentional science communication in research with human subjects" by Vaughn (2026).

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Costs and benefits of acting extraverted: A randomized controlled trial" by Jacques-Hamilton et al. (2019).

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

Physical actions shape moral choices: Environment-directed movements reduce cheating in young children.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
Same journal

From chunks to schemas: Learning in the Hebb repetition paradigm.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

39.6K

Multimodal prior knowledge determines false memory formation.

Marco A Petilli1, Francesca M Rodio2, Daniele Gatti3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how both visual and language knowledge influence false memory creation. Prior visual knowledge is key for image memory, while language knowledge impacts word memory.

More Related Videos

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

10.1K
Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory

Published on: January 31, 2017

39.6K
Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories
08:53

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Published on: November 14, 2018

10.1K
Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

20.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Memory formation is complex, influenced by diverse experiences.
  • The precise roles of different knowledge types (visual, linguistic) in memory are not fully understood.
  • Investigating false memory generation offers insights into memory construction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify language-based and vision-based knowledge contributions to false memory.
  • To examine modality-independent and modality-dependent memory processes.
  • To understand how prior knowledge shapes memory recall.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized computational models to analyze large-scale text (639 billion words) and image (15 million images) databases.
  • Designed two false memory experiments using image and word stimuli.
  • Measured the influence of prior visual and linguistic knowledge on memory performance.

Main Results:

  • Both visual and linguistic prior knowledge contribute to memory formation, irrespective of stimulus modality.
  • A modality-independent effect of prior knowledge was observed.
  • A modality-dependent effect was found: visual knowledge is more critical for image tasks, linguistic knowledge for word tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Memory formation involves both general and modality-specific processing of experiential knowledge.
  • False memory generation highlights the adaptive integration of diverse sensory and semantic information.
  • This research clarifies the dynamic interplay between prior knowledge and memory encoding/retrieval.