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Published on: February 12, 2015
Time from waking to first cigarette, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of COPD: A Prospective cohort study from UK
Liu Qiqi1, Liu Haoxiang2, Wu Chuansha1
1Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; Healthy Hubei Development and Social Progress Research Center of the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430065, China.
Background:
Smoking is a well-established risk factor for COPD, but the impact of time from waking to first cigarette (TWFC) remains underexplored, particularly regarding its interactions.
Objectives:
We aim to investigate the TWFC-COPD association among current smokers and evaluate its interactions with genetic susceptibility, smoking pack-years and difficulty not smoking for one day (DNSD).
Methods:
Using data from 302,412 UK Biobank participants, a COPD genetic risk score (GRS) was developed from 22 independent established SNPs associated with COPD and related phenotypes. Cox proportional hazards models was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs, 95% CIs), and assesse additive and multiplicative interactions.
Results:
Over a median follow-up of 12.42 years, 13,131 incident COPD cases were identified. Compared with never smokers, current smokers exhibited a significant inverse gradient association between shorter TWFC and increased COPD risk (P trend<0.001), with aHRs (95% CIs) increasing from 4.18 (3.66-4.78) for TWFC >120 min to 8.76 (8.01-9.58) for TWFC <5 min. Compared to current smokers with TWFC >120 min and low genetic risk, those with the shortest TWFC (<5 min) and high genetic risk had the highest COPD risk (aHR=2.85, 95% CI: 2.34-3.46), with a tendency toward additive interaction (RERI=0.26, 95% CI: -0.06-0.58; AP=8%, 95% CI: -0.03-0.19). Similarly, TWFC <5 min combined with higher pack-years (aHR=3.08, 95% CI: 2.66-3.57) or greater DNSD (aHR=5.14, 95% CI: 4.22-6.25) elevated the risk, with significant additive interactions.
Conclusions:
Shorter TWFC is strongly associated with increased COPD risk among current smokers, amplified by high genetic susceptibility to COPD, higher smoking pack-years, and greater DNSD.
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