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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Bacterial Signaling01:30

Bacterial Signaling

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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
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Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

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Triggering infection: When microbial pathogens are in cahoots.

Xinyi Gu1, Bing Zhai1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Cell Host & Microbe
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The fungus Candida albicans aids Salmonella in colonizing and infecting the gut. This interaction highlights how gut microbiota, including fungi, influences pathogen success in hosts.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Mycology
  • Pathogen-Host Interactions

Background:

  • Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host defense against enteric pathogens.
  • Enteric pathogens like Salmonella often interact with other microorganisms within the host's gut environment.
  • Candida albicans is a common commensal fungus residing in the gastrointestinal tract.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Candida albicans in the intestinal colonization and infection by Salmonella.
  • To understand the interplay between a fungal commensal and a bacterial pathogen in the gut.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing mouse models to study Salmonella intestinal colonization.
  • Employing techniques to assess fungal-bacterial interactions in vivo.
  • Quantifying pathogen load and host immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Candida albicans was found to facilitate the intestinal colonization of Salmonella.
  • The presence of C. albicans enhanced Salmonella infection.
  • This suggests a cooperative interaction between the fungus and the bacterium.

Conclusions:

  • Candida albicans promotes Salmonella's ability to establish and thrive in the intestine.
  • The study reveals a novel mechanism by which gut fungi can influence bacterial pathogen infections.
  • Understanding these polymicrobial interactions is critical for developing new therapeutic strategies against gut infections.