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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

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In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
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Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
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Composition, function, and detection methods of the intestinal barrier.

Nannan Sun1, Wenyu Liu1, Jing Li2

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The intestinal barrier protects against insults, and its dysfunction contributes to many diseases. Understanding its integrity and related axes is key for developing new therapies.

Keywords:
Detection methodsGut-brain axisGut-eye axisGut-liver axisIntestinal barrier

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The intestinal barrier is a critical defense system against environmental factors.
  • Disruption of the intestinal barrier is linked to the development of various diseases.
  • Maintaining intestinal barrier integrity is essential for physiological homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of intestinal barrier function.
  • To examine factors causing barrier dysfunction and their disease implications.
  • To evaluate methods for assessing intestinal barrier integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on intestinal barrier function.
  • Analysis of structural components and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Critical evaluation of diagnostic methodologies.

Main Results:

  • The intestinal barrier's structure and regulation are crucial for health.
  • Factors precipitating barrier dysfunction have systemic effects via gut-brain, gut-eye, and gut-liver axes.
  • Current assessment methods have distinct advantages and limitations.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of intestinal barrier dynamics is needed.
  • This review guides the selection of appropriate investigative approaches.
  • Advancements in disease prevention and therapeutic strategies are facilitated by understanding barrier function.