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Serum Cardiotrophin-1 as a novel biomarker for intracranial aneurysm

Weidong Men1, Xuehao Zhang1, Lijian Zhang1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases : the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
|November 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) shows promise as a non-invasive biomarker for detecting intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and assessing rupture risk. Elevated CT-1 levels in patients suggest its clinical utility for early screening.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) pose a significant rupture risk, potentially causing subarachnoid hemorrhage.
  • Current diagnostic methods for IAs are invasive and costly, necessitating the search for non-invasive alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate serum inflammatory markers and cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) as potential non-invasive biomarkers for IA presence.
  • To assess the utility of these markers in stratifying the risk of IA rupture.

Main Methods:

  • Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-33, S100B, E-selectin, and CT-1 were measured in 131 IA patients and 21 controls using ELISA.
  • Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis tests, ROC curve analysis, and logistic regression to identify risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Serum CT-1 levels were significantly higher in IA patients compared to controls (p = 0.0002), with the highest levels observed in ruptured IAs.
  • CT-1 demonstrated diagnostic potential for IA (AUC = 0.7801) and ruptured IA (AUC = 0.7911).
  • Other tested markers (IL-6, IL-10, IL-33, S100B, E-selectin) showed no significant differences. Older age and smoking were identified as significant IA risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a promising serum biomarker for the detection of intracranial aneurysms.
  • Elevated CT-1 levels, especially in ruptured cases, indicate its potential for non-invasive risk stratification.
  • Further validation in larger patient cohorts is recommended to confirm clinical utility.
Abstract

Keywords:
BiomarkerCardiotrophin-1InflammationIntracranial aneurysmSubarachnoid hemorrhage

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