[Medical treatment of breast cancer in 2025]

Medical treatment of breast cancer today depends on the tumor profile. For triple-negative breast cancer, the standard treatment before surgery now combines chemotherapy and immunotherapy, significantly improving the chances of cure. In the metastatic stage, new therapies such as the antibody conjugate (ADC) sacituzumab-govitécan have substantially prolonged survival. For HER2-positive tumours, the strategy is also to treat before surgery. For metastatic forms, a new-generation ADC, trastuzumab deruxtecan, has proved its immense efficacy, becoming a benchmark. Finally, for hormone-dependent (HR+) cancers at high risk, the addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors to hormone therapy after surgery reduces the risk of recurrence. In addition, ADCs are also of interest in advanced forms, particularly for tumours known as "HER2-low".