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The Spinal Cord01:54

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Central to the gray matter is...
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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
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Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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[Neurosyphilis].

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Updated: May 2, 2026

Spinal Cord Lateral Hemisection and Asymmetric Behavioral Assessments in Adult Rats
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[Charcot and Spinal Cord Disease].

Tetsuo Ando1, Toshio Fukutake

  • 1Kameda Medical Center, Neurocenter, Depatment of Neurology.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|November 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Jean-Martin Charcot advanced spinal cord disease study through his anatomoclinical method. His work defined amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and improved understanding of tabes dorsalis and neurogenic joint disease.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pathology
  • Medical History

Background:

  • Spinal cord diseases posed significant diagnostic challenges in the 19th century.
  • Jean-Martin Charcot's foundational work significantly advanced the understanding of neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline Jean-Martin Charcot's key contributions to the study of spinal cord diseases.
  • To highlight the impact of his anatomoclinical method on neurology.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed clinical observations and postmortem examinations.
  • Correlation of symptoms with pathological findings.
  • Pioneering the anatomoclinical method in neurology.

Main Results:

  • Established the clinical and pathological framework for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

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  • Linked sensory ataxia in tabes dorsalis to dorsal column and root lesions.
  • Identified neurogenic joint disease (Charcot joint) and described compressive myelopathy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Charcot's legacy emphasizes the critical role of precise clinical observation in diagnosing neurological conditions.
    • His work laid the groundwork for modern understanding of spinal cord pathologies.