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Artificial intelligence in orthopaedic education, training and research: a systematic review
Bibek Banskota1,2, Rajan Bhusal3,4, Prkash Kumar Yadav1
1Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre for the Disabled Children, Banepa. Kavre, Nepal.
BMC Medical Education
|November 13, 2025
Summary
Artificial intelligence (AI) enhances orthopedic training and research, improving efficiency and personalization. However, challenges like data bias and ethical considerations require careful management for successful integration.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Education and Research
- Artificial Intelligence Applications
Background:
- Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming orthopedic education and research.
- Novel applications in surgical training and scientific advancement are emerging.
- A comprehensive evaluation of AI's scope, impact, and limitations is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review AI technologies in orthopedic education and research.
- To evaluate practical applications, benefits, and limitations.
- To explore future directions for AI in orthopedics.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251064596).
- Searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies on AI technologies (machine learning, VR simulation, generative AI, adaptive learning).
- Narrative synthesis of extracted data due to heterogeneity.
Main Results:
- AI improves training efficiency, personalized learning, and skill assessment.
- Virtual reality (VR) simulation and machine learning enhance technical proficiency.
- Generative AI is nascent with accuracy and bias concerns; limitations include data bias, cost, and lack of real-world validation.
Conclusions:
- AI has significant potential to advance orthopedic education and research.
- Rigorous validation, ethical standards, and collaboration are crucial for AI integration.
- Hybrid human-AI models and standardized metrics are key to realizing AI's potential.
