SrO-Containing Bioactive Glasses in the SiO₂-CaO-P₂O₅ System: A Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive Review examines recent advances in bioactive glasses (BGs) based on the SiO₂-CaO-P₂O₅-SrO system, highlighting the impact of the incorporation of strontium oxide (SrO) on their structural, thermal, and biological properties. By summarizing a wide range of studies, this work establishes how SrO modification influences the glass network connectivity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability, which are critical for high-temperature applications such as sintering and thermal spray coatings. This Review further explores the effects of SrO on in vitro and in vivo performance, focusing on the dissolution behavior, bioactive phase formation, cellular response, and antimicrobial activity. Special attention is given to the substitution and concentration level of SrO and their influence on bone regeneration and biocompatibility. This work offers insights into the design and optimization of Sr-doped BGs to enhance bone tissue engineering applications and lays the groundwork for future in vivo and clinical investigations.