Race, Crime, and Lending Risk in Chicago: The Relevance of Crime and Disorder for HOLC's Neighborhood Assessments
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Racial composition, not perceived crime, drove redlining by Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) appraisers. Discrimination was embedded in valuation, not solely due to disorder perceptions, revealing historical housing disinvestment roots.
Area Of Science
- Urban Studies
- Housing Policy
- Historical Geography
Background
- Scholars recognize race's impact on U.S. housing lending and value.
- Limited understanding exists on crime's role in lending risk or race's influence on crime perceptions.
Purpose Of The Study
- Examine how crime perceptions and racial composition influenced lending risk assessments.
- Analyze appraisers' narratives on neighborhood crime and disorder using HOLC maps.
- Investigate the link between observed conditions, narratives, and lending decisions.
Main Methods
- Utilized Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) residential security maps and descriptions for Chicago.
- Integrated 1940 Census data and historical crime maps (offender residence, gang activity).
- Analyzed appraisers' narratives, observed crime, and perceptions of disorder in relation to lending risk.
Main Results
- Perceptions of crime and disorder were strongly linked to a neighborhood's Black population, independent of actual crime rates.
- Both observed crime and Black racial composition predicted lending risk assessments.
- Appraisers' perceptions of disorder did not independently influence lending risk decisions.
Conclusions
- HOLC appraisers' perceptions of crime and disorder were racially motivated.
- Racial discrimination was inherent in HOLC valuation practices, not solely driven by disorder perceptions.
- Findings illuminate historical neighborhood stigmatization and institutional disinvestment in housing.
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