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Fish By-Products Utilization in Food and Health: Extraction Technologies, Bioactive, and Sustainability Challenges.
Muhammad Waqar1, Nimra Sajjad2, Qudrat Ullah1
1Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry Walailak University Tha Sala Nakhon Si Thammarat Thailand.
Food Science & Nutrition
|November 14, 2025
Summary
Fish by-products are valuable sources of bioactive compounds like peptides and omega-3 fatty acids. Advanced extraction methods enhance yields, but cost and regulatory hurdles limit their use in functional foods and health products.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Food Science
- Sustainable Chemistry
Background:
- Fish by-products are rich in valuable bioactive compounds such as peptides, omega-3 fatty acids, collagen, and hydroxyapatite.
- These compounds have diverse applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
- Traditional waste management of fish by-products is being replaced by valorization strategies supporting circular economy principles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advanced extraction technologies for bioactive compounds from fish by-products.
- To highlight the functional properties and health benefits of these bioactives.
- To identify challenges and future directions for the sustainable utilization of fish by-products.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on fish by-product valorization.
- Exploration of advanced extraction techniques including enzyme-assisted hydrolysis, supercritical fluid extraction, and cold plasma processing.
- Analysis of the functional properties and demonstrated bioactivities (antioxidant, antihypertensive, antimicrobial, antidiabetic) of derived peptides and protein hydrolysates.
Main Results:
- Advanced technologies significantly enhance the yield and stability of bioactive compounds from fish by-products.
- Fish-derived peptides and hydrolysates exhibit promising health benefits.
- Key barriers to industrial application include raw material variability, high costs, and regulatory uncertainty.
Conclusions:
- Valorization of fish by-products offers a sustainable approach to resource utilization and waste reduction.
- Optimizing bioprocessing, clinical validation of health benefits, and establishing regulatory frameworks are crucial for commercialization.
- Addressing these challenges will unlock the potential of fish by-products for food security and human health.
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