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Related Concept Videos

Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Thermal Stress01:09

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

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Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions01:21

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

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In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
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Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Fabric Moisture Uniform Control to Study the Influence of Air Impingement Parameters on Fabric Drying Characteristics
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An Eco-Friendly Dual-Gradient Janus Fabric for Personal Thermal-Moisture Management.

Jingna Zhang1, Yangzhe Hou1,2, Chuntai Liu1

  • 1National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed an eco-friendly cooling fabric from polylactic acid (PLA) that provides personal thermal management. The innovative Janus fabric (JF) offers radiative cooling and efficient sweat wicking for enhanced comfort during extreme weather.

Keywords:
moisture managementpolylactic acidradiative coolingthermal managementunidirectional heat conduction

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A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
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A Detailed Protocol for Perspiration Monitoring Using a Novel, Small, Wireless Device
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Textile Engineering
  • Sustainable Polymers

Background:

  • Extreme weather events necessitate advanced personal thermal management solutions.
  • Developing cooling textiles that efficiently manage human perspiration is a significant challenge.
  • Polylactic acid (PLA) offers a green and biodegradable alternative for advanced material fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate a high-performance asymmetric Janus radiative cooling fabric using PLA.
  • To integrate radiative cooling, directional sweat wicking, and unidirectional heat conduction into a single textile.
  • To assess the fabric's performance in terms of cooling, sweat management, and wearer comfort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a continuous spinning process to create an asymmetric Janus fabric (JF) from PLA.
  • Designed the JF with a hydrophilic top layer (JF-T) and a hydrophobic bottom layer (JF-A).
  • Characterized the fabric's solar reflectance, mid-infrared (MIR) emissivity, cooling performance, and water evaporation rate.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high solar reflectance (91.02%) and MIR emissivity (95.34%) for effective radiative cooling.
  • Demonstrated a maximum subambient cooling of 7.2 °C under direct sunlight.
  • Exhibited a high water evaporation rate (651.88 g m-2 h-1) with excellent breathability and liquid diffusion for rapid sweat removal.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Janus fabric (JF) offers a scalable and eco-friendly solution for personal thermal management.
  • The fabric's unique structure enhances wearer comfort by providing efficient cooling and rapid sweat wicking.
  • This technology shows significant promise for next-generation wearable applications in outdoor thermal comfort.