Factors Associated With In-Hospital and Postdischarge Adverse Outcomes Among Children Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Sabah, Malaysia: A Prospective Cohort Study
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Adverse outcomes in hospitalized children with pneumonia are common, with younger age, hypoxemia, and anemia being key risk factors. Postdischarge follow-up is crucial for preterm infants and those needing mechanical ventilation to manage respiratory risks.
Area Of Science
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background
- Childhood pneumonia poses significant in-hospital risks, but postdischarge outcomes are less understood, particularly in middle-income nations.
- This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding adverse outcomes following hospitalization for pneumonia in Malaysian children.
Purpose Of The Study
- To identify factors associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes in children hospitalized with pneumonia.
- To investigate risk factors for adverse postdischarge outcomes, including respiratory morbidity, in this population.
Main Methods
- A prospective cohort study enrolled 868 Malaysian children (1 month to <12 years) hospitalized with pneumonia from April 2022 to April 2023.
- In-hospital outcomes included death, ICU admission, or prolonged stay (>5 days). Postdischarge outcomes (assessed 4-6 weeks later) included chronic cough, rehospitalization for acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), or unscheduled respiratory visits.
Main Results
- 16% of children experienced in-hospital adverse outcomes. Risk factors included younger age (<6 months), preterm birth, unvaccinated status, hypoxemia, airspace abnormalities, and anemia.
- Among 666 children with complete postdischarge data, 20% had adverse outcomes. Preterm birth and invasive mechanical ventilation were significant risk factors for postdischarge adverse events.
Conclusions
- Children hospitalized with pneumonia, especially those with identified in-hospital risk factors, require close monitoring.
- Postdischarge follow-up is essential for preterm children and those who received invasive mechanical ventilation due to their increased risk of long-term respiratory issues.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
These videos have been matched automatically. Contact us if they are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
• Pleurisy: indicates the inflammation of the pleura, which causes chest pain and discomfort.
• Pleural Effusion: indicates fluid buildup in the pleural space.
• Atelectasis: Partial collapse of a lung lobe due to mucus blockage or external compression.
• Bacteremia: Bacterial infection entering the bloodstream, commonly seen with...
The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
• For...
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
• Inhalation of Infectious Agents: Pneumonia typically begins when pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) are inhaled or aspirated into the lower respiratory tract.
• Overcoming Lung Defenses: Ideally, the respiratory tract has defense mechanisms like mucociliary clearance and cough reflex to prevent the establishment of pathogenic organisms. If these defenses are compromised, or the pathogen is highly...