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Relationship Between Sleep Duration and Overweight/Obesity: A Comprehensive Overview of Meta-Analyses.

Mateus Assis Benfica1, Tamiles Costa Ribeiro1, Kallyane Santos Oliveira Silva1

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Short or long sleep durations increase the risk of overweight and obesity across all age groups. This comprehensive review synthesizes evidence, highlighting sleep duration as a significant, modifiable factor in weight management.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Global rise in overweight and obesity rates necessitates understanding contributing factors.
  • Changes in normal sleep duration (SD) are increasingly recognized as a significant factor.
  • Numerous systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMAs) exist, requiring synthesis for higher-level evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of existing SRMAs on the relationship between sleep duration and overweight/obesity.
  • To synthesize the highest level of evidence for researchers and clinicians.
  • To evaluate the impact of both short and long sleep durations on weight status across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Searches conducted in major scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus).
  • Quality of included reviews assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool.
  • Inverse variance heterogeneity model (IVhet) used to pool relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Main Results:

  • 18 SRMAs were included in the synthesis.
  • Short sleep duration increased overweight/obesity risk in younger children (RR=1.39), older children (RR=2.21), adolescents (RR=1.36), and adults (RR=1.30).
  • Long sleep duration increased risk in adults (RR=1.05) but showed a protective effect in children (RR=0.86).

Conclusions:

  • Sleep duration is a significant and modifiable risk factor for overweight and obesity.
  • Both insufficient and excessive sleep are associated with increased risk, with variations across age groups.
  • Findings underscore the importance of addressing sleep patterns in public health strategies for weight management.