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  11. Electrically Conductive Nanocarbon/elastomer Composite Inks For Flexible And Wearable Strain Sensing

Electrically Conductive Nanocarbon/Elastomer Composite Inks for Flexible and Wearable Strain Sensing

Siva Sankar Nemala1, Bruno Bernardino1,2, Rui M R Pinto1

  • 1International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, 4715-330, Portugal.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 14, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an eco-friendly, all-carbon conductive ink for flexible strain sensors. The developed sensors offer high performance for wearable electronics and sustainable manufacturing.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Wearable Electronics

Background:

  • Flexible strain sensors are crucial for wearable devices in health monitoring and human-machine interaction.
  • Developing sustainable and high-performance conductive materials is essential for advancing wearable technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create an eco-friendly, all-carbon conductive ink for flexible strain sensors.
  • To demonstrate the sensor's capability in various applications, including motion tracking and health monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of an all-carbon conductive ink using carbon nano-onions (CNOs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a biodegradable elastomeric matrix with biomass-derived solvent.
  • Fabrication of compressive strain sensors via dip coating polyurethane sponges.
  • Fabrication of tensile strain sensors via blade coating on stretchable textiles.
Keywords:
elastomerse‐textileshybrid nanomaterialsprintable inks

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Main Results:

  • Compressive sensors exhibited a modulus of ≈460 kPa and gauge factor of ≈1.1.
  • Tensile sensors achieved gauge factors of 10-12 at 0.6% strain and high cycling stability (>7000 cycles).
  • Sensors successfully detected football dynamics and monitored human breathing in real-time.

Conclusions:

  • The developed carbon-based ink provides a scalable, solvent-safe route for sustainable flexible electronics.
  • The optimized ink rheology and conductive network morphology lead to high-performance strain sensors.
  • The study highlights the potential of CNOs and CNTs in advanced wearable sensor applications.
solution processing