Covalent Organic Framework-Based Nanomotor for Thrombus Therapy

Effective antithrombotic therapy requires rapid removal of obstructive thrombi to restore blood flow, and nanotechnology offers a promising solution. However, conventional passive nanomaterials face limitations such as poor biodistribution and weak targeting efficiency. To address these challenges, a dual-driven Janus nanomotor is developed consisting of a covalent organic framework (COF) core, a platinum shell, and a platelet membrane coating, which combines multiple therapeutic functions. The porous COF structure enables heparin loading and controlled release while exhibiting intrinsic photothermal properties. The platinum shell acts as a catalase mimic and exhibits surface plasmon resonance, allowing H₂O₂ decomposition and near-infrared light-enhanced photothermal thrombolysis. The platelet membrane coating enhances thrombus-targeting capability. This nanomotor integrates reactive oxygen species scavenging, efficient photothermal thrombolysis, and anti-recurrence effects, demonstrating strong thrombolytic efficacy and anticoagulant effects in both the in vitro thrombosis model and the mouse blacktail model. The study demonstrates the potential of COFs as multifunctional nanoplatforms for thrombus therapy, highlighting their structural advantages-including high porosity, tunability, biocompatibility, and inherent photothermal activity-to advance vascular nanomedicine.