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BAFF in autoimmune kidney diseases: pathogenic pathways, biomarker potential, and therapeutic horizons
Jing Wu1,2, Zhaohui Li1,2, Shanshan Zheng3
1School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China.
Abstract:
Autoimmune kidney diseases usually arise from autoimmune system dysfunction and are characterized by production of autoantibodies. Several autoimmune kidney diseases are currently recognized, including lupus nephritis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy. B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, serves as a critical regulator of humoral immunity. By binding to specific receptors on the surface of B cells, BAFF regulates their survival, proliferation, differentiation and antibody production, thereby playing a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune kidney diseases. Elevated serum BAFF levels, reported across multiple autoimmune diseases, promote aberrant B cell activation and autoantibody production. This review systematically illustrates the biology and immunology of BAFF, and further explores the role of BAFF in those autoimmune kidney diseases, aiming to provide a comprehensive insight into the BAFF molecule.
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