Validation of a computational model of bone conduction sound reception in mysticetes

Computational models serve as useful complements to physical experiments, but they require validation to build confidence in their applicability. This study outlines the validation of biomechanical models for mysticete sound reception, specifically using experiments involving an instrumented gray whale skull exposed to underwater sound. Detailed descriptions of the models are provided. The models were evaluated using a set of similarity metrics applied to both measured and computed frequency response functions. While high-quality agreement was not achieved, the models corresponded reasonably well with observed experimental data. A sensitivity analysis examined the models' responses to variations in input material properties. Although these changes in material properties influenced model response, they accounted for only modest changes in similarity. A more significant challenge to achieving higher accuracy was the mismatch between the acoustic waves generated in experiments and the models' assumption of plane wave loading. Despite this, the models successfully captured important biomechanical behavior, such as the enhancement of motion of the tympanic bullae relative to the basicranium. Model validation remains an ongoing endeavor, and this study represents an initial step.