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Gestational Weight Gain and Different Degrees of Preterm Birth: A Hospital-Based Study in Chinese Singleton

Xiaomei Xiang1,2, Weihua Wang3, Yan Yu1

  • 1School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Nursing Open
|November 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Gestational weight gain (GWG) significantly impacts preterm birth risk. Low GWG increases preterm birth odds, while excess GWG reduces it, highlighting the need for appropriate weight management during pregnancy.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and preterm birth is not fully understood.
  • Preterm birth remains a significant global health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between gestational weight gain and preterm birth in the Chinese population.
  • To analyze GWG's impact across different degrees of preterm birth.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study involving 3203 mother-newborn pairs.
  • Logistic regression analysis to assess GWG and preterm birth association.
  • Data collected via questionnaire from July 2015 to August 2017.

Main Results:

  • Mean GWG was lower in the preterm birth group (13.00 ± 4.87 kg) compared to the term group (15.72 ± 4.88 kg).
  • Low GWG increased preterm birth odds (OR 2.13), while excess GWG decreased them (OR 0.42).
  • Low GWG showed higher odds for very preterm birth (OR 4.06), moderate (OR 2.14), and late preterm birth (OR 1.40).

Conclusions:

  • Appropriate gestational weight gain is crucial for preventing preterm birth.
  • Maternal weight management and education are vital components of prenatal care to mitigate preterm birth risks.
  • The adverse impact of low GWG is dependent on the severity of preterm birth.
Abstract

Keywords:
gestational weight gainmaternal nursingpreterm birthbirth outcome

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