Mechanism of anticancer action of bifidobacterium: Insights from gut microbiota

Bifidobacterium has captured major attention recently because of its health benefits and extensive research highlighting its potential in cancer treatment and prevention. Evidence suggests that bifidobacterium can actively fight against various types of cancer, including those of the colon, lungs, breast, and stomach. Research indicates that several species of bifidobacterium can potentiate the action of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy in battling tumors, and reducing their adverse effects. Bifidobacteria shows its multipronged effect by modulating various immunomodulatory and inflammatory signaling pathways, potentially leading to the suppression of tumor growth. Moreover, different species of bifidobacteria are known to regulate signaling molecules involved in promoting apoptosis. In addition, bifidobacteria have an impact on the regulation of diverse microRNAs. The anticancer properties of bifidobacterium may also stem from its ability to detoxify carcinogens and transform dietary elements. This review also covers how dietary factors can influence the prevalence of bifidobacterium in the gut, further affecting its anticancer capabilities.