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Ocular surface microbiota in primary open angle glaucoma.

Davide Borroni1, Francesco Lo Monaco2, Ferraro Silvia2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Eyemetagenomics Ltd., London, United Kingdom.

Experimental Eye Research
|November 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is linked to an ocular-surface dysbiosis, characterized by a more diverse but less defined microbiota. This suggests host-microbe interactions are relevant to POAG development.

Keywords:
16S rRNA sequencingDysbiosisGlaucomaMetagenomicsOcular microbiota

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Microbiology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a major cause of irreversible blindness.
  • The role of the ocular-surface (OS) microbiota in POAG pathogenesis is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ocular-surface microbiota composition in POAG patients undergoing hypotensive therapy compared to healthy controls.
  • To identify potential microbial signatures associated with POAG.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 27 POAG patients and 119 healthy controls.
  • 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using Ion GeneStudio S5.
  • Bioinformatic analysis with QIIME2 and phyloseq.

Main Results:

  • POAG samples exhibited significantly higher alpha-diversity (Shannon, richness) and distinct beta-diversity compared to controls.
  • Significant compositional shifts observed in POAG, including depletion of Firmicutes and enrichment of Proteobacteria.
  • Differential abundance testing revealed numerous taxa differentiating POAG from control microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest an ocular-surface dysbiosis associated with POAG in a treatment-exposed cohort.
  • Highlights the potential relevance of host-microbe interactions in POAG.
  • Recommends further longitudinal and functional studies in treatment-naïve populations.