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Calculation of shield tunnel uplift induced by synchronous grouting
Ye Zhou1, Ganbin Liu2, Jiawei Jin1
1School of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Abstract:
This paper analyzes the combined effects of grout properties (mix ratio, viscosity), construction speed, grouting pressure, bolt preload, and tunnel slope on shield tunnel uplift induced by synchronous grouting. A finite-difference model incorporating 12 consecutive segments was developed, incorporating time-dependent grout parameters (static buoyancy, viscosity) fitted via exponential functions. Field tests conducted on Ningbo Rail Transit Line 8, along with 3D-printed segment experiments, confirmed model reliability. Results show that grout with a shorter initial setting time minimizes uplift, while faster construction speeds increase the magnitude of uplift. Higher bolt preload reduces uplift by enhancing joint stiffness, whereas grouting pressure has a negligible influence. The uphill tunnel slope exacerbates uplift while the downhill slope mitigates it, providing practical guidelines for slope-specific construction protocols.
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