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Calculation of shield tunnel uplift induced by synchronous grouting.
Ye Zhou1, Ganbin Liu2, Jiawei Jin1
1School of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
Scientific Reports
|November 14, 2025
Summary
Synchronous grouting can cause shield tunnel uplift. Shorter grout setting times and higher bolt preload reduce uplift, while faster construction and uphill slopes increase it.
Area of Science:
- Geotechnical Engineering
- Tunneling Engineering
- Civil Engineering
Background:
- Shield tunneling is a common underground construction method.
- Synchronous grouting is crucial for tunnel stability and sealing.
- Tunnel uplift during grouting is a significant concern affecting structural integrity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the factors influencing shield tunnel uplift during synchronous grouting.
- To develop a reliable model for predicting tunnel uplift.
- To provide practical guidelines for mitigating uplift in tunnel construction.
Main Methods:
- A finite-difference model simulating 12 tunnel segments was developed.
- Time-dependent grout properties (buoyancy, viscosity) were incorporated using exponential functions.
- Model validation was performed using field tests and 3D-printed segment experiments.
Main Results:
- Shorter grout initial setting times were found to minimize uplift.
- Increased construction speed led to a higher magnitude of tunnel uplift.
- Higher bolt preload reduced uplift by increasing joint stiffness; grouting pressure had minimal effect.
- Uphill tunnel slopes exacerbated uplift, while downhill slopes mitigated it.
Conclusions:
- Grout setting time, construction speed, bolt preload, and tunnel slope are critical factors in shield tunnel uplift.
- The developed model accurately predicts uplift, validated by field and experimental data.
- Findings offer practical insights for optimizing construction parameters to control tunnel uplift, especially on varying slopes.
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