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Interventions aimed at increasing empathy for outgroups failed, with some even reducing empathy. Motivating people to withhold empathy appears easier than encouraging its increase for improved intergroup relations.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Intergroup Relations
  • Empathy Research

Background:

  • People exhibit reduced empathy towards outgroup members compared to ingroup members, a bias hindering positive intergroup relations.
  • Motivated empathy interventions have shown promise in increasing empathy and prosocial behavior towards outgroups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate and generalize findings of motivated empathy interventions across diverse contexts.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of interventions targeting empathy avoidance and approach motivations.

Main Methods:

  • Five high-powered online studies (N=4776) employing between- and within-subject designs.
  • Utilized self-reported empathy measures and factual monetary donations to assess prosocial behavior.
  • Interventions focused on beliefs about empathy's limited nature, malleability, or desirability.

Main Results:

  • Across studies and contexts, interventions generally failed to increase empathy or prosocial behavior towards outgroups.
  • Inducing beliefs about the limited nature of empathy paradoxically decreased participants' empathy.
  • Findings suggest motivating empathy withholding may be more feasible than motivating empathy enhancement.

Conclusions:

  • Brief interventions targeting motivated empathy appear ineffective in overcoming intergroup empathy bias.
  • Beliefs about empathy's limitations may inadvertently foster reduced empathy, contrary to intervention goals.
  • Further research is needed to develop effective strategies for enhancing intergroup empathy and prosociality.