Narrative review of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric complications associated with prematurity

Area of Science:

• Neonatal Medicine
• Developmental Neuroscience
• Public Health

Background:

• Prematurity (birth before 37 weeks) is a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity.
• Preterm infants face risks of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
• Long-term neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric challenges persist throughout life for preterm survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent findings on the long-term neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric impacts of prematurity.
• To highlight the incidence, risk factors, and assessment tools for these outcomes.
• To guide clinical care, early identification, and future research priorities.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of recent scientific literature.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on prematurity outcomes.
• Identification of screening and assessment tools.

Main Results:

• Preterm survivors exhibit increased risks of cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments.
• Higher incidence of psychiatric disorders like ADHD, anxiety, and depression is observed.
• Current screening and assessment tools are utilized in clinical and research settings.

Conclusions:

• Prematurity has profound and lasting effects on neurodevelopment and mental health.
• Early identification and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes in preterm infants.
• Further research is needed to refine care and support strategies for preterm survivors.