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The causal relationship between atopic dermatitis and retinal detachment: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization
Xiazhen Liu1, Hong Li1, Taoran Tang2
1Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
Medicine
|November 15, 2025
Summary
Atopic dermatitis (AD) may causally increase the risk of retinal detachment (RD). This unidirectional link suggests monitoring AD patients for potential eye complications to prevent vision loss.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Dermatology
- Genetics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition.
- Retinal detachment (RD) is a serious ocular condition that can lead to vision loss.
- The potential causal relationship between AD and RD remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential causal relationship between atopic dermatitis and retinal detachment using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.
- To determine the directionality of any observed causal association.
Main Methods:
- Utilized genome-wide association study data for AD and RD.
- Selected independent single nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables.
- Employed inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods for MR analysis.
- Assessed heterogeneity and pleiotropy using Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analyses.
- Conducted reverse MR analysis to establish causal directionality.
Main Results:
- Inverse variance weighting indicated a potential causal effect of AD on RD (OR: 1.096, P = .048).
- Weighted median analysis supported a causal link (OR: 1.165, P = .021).
- Reverse MR analysis showed no evidence of a causal effect of RD on AD (OR: 0.993, P = .704).
- No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected, indicating robust findings.
Conclusions:
- This study provides evidence for a potential unidirectional causal effect of atopic dermatitis on retinal detachment.
- Healthcare providers should consider the risk of ocular complications in AD patients for early detection and intervention.
- Awareness of this association may help prevent irreversible vision loss in individuals with AD.
