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Comparative Analysis of Open-Source Finite Element Method Solvers for Computational Fluid Dynamics Performance in a

Alexis Throop1, Nathan Sudbury1, Lucas H Timmins2

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Three open-source solvers accurately simulated blood flow in carotid artery models. They identified critical hemodynamic regions and achieved mesh convergence efficiently, highlighting their utility for cardiovascular research.

Keywords:
4D flow MRIcarotid arterycomputational fluid dynamicsfinite element methodhemodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Engineering
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is vital for studying cardiovascular hemodynamics, especially in disease-prone areas like the carotid artery bifurcation.
  • Variability in CFD approaches necessitates systematic solver comparisons for reliable blood flow simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively evaluate and compare three open-source finite element method (FEM) solvers: SimVascular, FEBio, and FEniCS Oasis.
  • To assess solver performance in simulating blood flow within a subject-specific carotid artery model derived from 4D Flow MRI data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a subject-specific carotid artery model from 4D Flow MRI.
  • Compared SimVascular, FEBio, and FEniCS Oasis solvers across various mesh resolutions.
  • Analyzed hemodynamic metrics: velocity fields, time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and wall shear stress (WSS) topology.

Main Results:

  • All tested solvers demonstrated comparable accuracy in representing 4D Flow MRI data.
  • Solvers consistently identified critical hemodynamic regions, including flow disturbance zones in the carotid sinus.
  • Mesh convergence was achieved at relatively lower resolutions by all solvers, with computational time also analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • Open-source FEM solvers are capable of high-fidelity hemodynamic predictions in the carotid artery.
  • These solvers effectively capture physiologically relevant hemodynamic patterns and identify critical flow regions.
  • The study confirms the utility of SimVascular, FEBio, and FEniCS Oasis for cardiovascular research.