A sample-to-answer multimodal microfluidic integrated electrochemical biosensing system for rapid diagnosis of acute...

A microfluidic-integrated electrochemical biosensing platform was developed, which uses two modified electrodes to separately detect two acute stroke (AS biomarkers) - homocysteine (Hcy) and adenosine (Ado) - from whole blood. The system integrates an on-chip plasma separator with multimodal electrochemical detection through rationally designed microchannels and nanostructure-based sensing interfaces. It enables the sensitive and selective quantification of Hcy and Ado in whole blood within 10 min and 40 min, respectively, with limits of detection (LOD) of 1.04 µM and 1.65 × 10⁻³ µM, respectively. The entire assay process for Ado requires a 30-minute incubation of the isolated plasma prior to differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. By performing automated sample-to-answer analysis, this platform provides a reliable method for the detection of AS-related biomarkers. Furthermore, the integration of on-chip blood processing with electrochemical detection presents a promising approach for future point-of-care and emergency diagnostic applications.