Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia: Pathogenesis, immune interactions, and antimicrobial resistance in a global

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Tasmia Jahin Mim1, Amjad Islam Aqib2, Abdullah Al Noman3

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC University, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.

Research in Microbiology
|November 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes pneumonia and poses challenges due to antibiotic resistance. Understanding its immune evasion and virulence factors is key to developing new treatments for this significant pathogen.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae is a major cause of hospital and community-acquired pneumonia.
  • Strains vary in virulence, including hypervirulent (hvKp) and antibiotic-resistant forms.
  • Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDRKP), particularly carbapenem-resistant strains (CRKP), represent a growing global health threat.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review host immune interactions with Klebsiella pneumoniae.
  • To explore pathogen evasion strategies and infection risk factors.
  • To highlight challenges in research and clinical translation for K. pneumoniae infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on host-pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches including CT, PCR, and LFIA.
  • Examination of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae employs various virulence factors for immune evasion and host survival.
  • Carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae is a critical concern, leading to significant mortality.
  • Newer antibiotic combinations show promise for treating resistant strains, but challenges persist.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to understand differences between K. pneumoniae strains and improve treatment outcomes.
  • Antimicrobial resistance, infection control, and antibiotic stewardship are crucial for managing K. pneumoniae.
  • Alternative therapies like phage therapy and immunotherapy are under investigation for CRKP.
Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistanceHost–pathogen interactionHypervirulent strainsImmune evasionKlebsiella pneumoniaePneumoniaTherapeutic strategiesβ-lactamase

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